Eugenics & The Non-Therapeutic Sterilization of Incapable Ad essays

Eugenics & The Non-Therapeutic Sterilization of Incapable Ad essays Eugenics Eugenics is the science of improving the population by controlled breeding for desirable inherited characteristics. The horrible effects of Canadas eugenics movement, which spanned from 1885 to 1945, still resound through Canadian courts to this day. The eugenics movement spawned the horrific practices of government-enforced, involuntary sterilization programs such as the Sexual Sterilization Act passed in Alberta. Alberta was one of two provinces (B.C. 1933), to pass such legislation. The Sexual Sterilization Act, which was introduced in 1928 in Alberta, was based on the principals of eugenics, meaning "good birth". In the 1920s, it was believed that if only those people with desirable genes bore children, the human race as a whole would improve. The Alberta government and pressure groups including the United Farm Women of Alberta sought to limit the reproduction of many kinds of people, including visible minorities and the "feeble-minded". They associated much of the rise of crime, poverty, alcoholism and other vices to these people. Regardless of the reasons in support of sterilization at the time, restricting an individuals ability to reproduce is viewed as a violation of their constitutional rights. It is for this reason that the province repealed its Sexual Sterilization Act in 1972. Leilani Muir was a victim of Albertas former sterilization laws. Her case was brought before Alberta Provincial Court in 1996. Her case set a precedent for many future settlements awarded to other sexual sterilization victims. In 1999, the Alberta government offered an $82-million compensation package and apology to those who were forcibly sterilized under the Sexual Sterilization Act of 1928. Under the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, we are guaranteed equal protection under the law (S.7). This right has come under severe scruti...

How to Write A Bestselling Novel From a Characters Viewpoint

How to Write A Bestselling Novel From a Characters Viewpoint Show Don’t Tell: Write from Your Character's Viewpoint Last updated: 07/10/2017This is a guest post by Kristen Stieffel, a writing coach specializing in speculative fiction. She has edited nonfiction, Bible studies, and novels for the general market and the Christian submarket and teaches at writers conferences.Last time, we looked at narrators in fiction and likened viewpoint to a camera. The narrator is like a cameraman, recording events. His voice is distinct from those of the characters. The narrator acts as an intermediary between reader and character. If we give the viewpoint â€Å"camera† to the characters, we eliminate the middleman, producing a deeper bond with readers.Follow Reedsy and Kristen Stieffel on Twitter: @ReedsyHQ and @KristenStieffelWhat viewpoint do you use for your fiction? Have you tried writing from your characters' point of view? Leave us your thoughts, or any questions for Kristen, in the comments below!

Labor's New Internationalism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Labor's New Internationalism - Essay Example They were subjected to increased pressure to deregulate and open their economies. Eventually, this resulted in the deregulation of their financial systems, and they became the key victims of today's global economic disaster. The consequent financial instability has resulted in slow economic growth. This further translates into increased unemployment rates, lower wages and greater overall insecurity of the nation. The correlated, general upward price movement of goods and services in the economy has made it difficult for consumers to even buy the products that they produce. The WTO has not been held accountable for the disruptive rules and regulations that they imposed and it has also avoided responsibility for the negative impact it has had on the workers and environment. The system has destabilized the national and local efforts to legislate and normalize the conditions. They WTO have exploited the deeply rooted social values that they live by. During the cold war, labor unions played a mainly geopolitical role defined by anticommunism. Strong Unions were essential tools for the development of democracy. By the end of the cold war, all labor unions lost that international political significance and were now considered to be an obstacle to business interests.

Change Management towards a Successful Merger Essay

Change Management towards a Successful Merger - Essay Example This will be achieved by undertaking a questionnaire based survey in organisations that have undergone mergers and by undertaking in-depth analyses of case studies selected using non-probability sampling methods. There are limitations to using both questionnaires and the non-probability sampling methods, however by contacting the human resources departments, the study is increasing the probability of gaining a valid response; and whilst the non-probability sampling method may not produce statistically significant results, the case studies are part of a qualitative study, and it would be beyond the scope and resources of this study to undertake a study that would produce statistical significance. Organisational values are more important in the personal and societal context within which business operates. It is becoming more important to identify the organisation and what it stands for the customer, and these values are important to the majority of stakeholders (Barrett). Organisational culture is also important for determining an organisation's capacity, effectiveness and longevity (Woodbury 2006), and it also contributes significantly to the organisation's brand image. When this culture does not align with mission, core values, and operational strategy it can turn into a significant liability for the organisation, and this is more pronounced when the organisation undergoes change (Woodbury 2006). Therefore culture change is a result of the organisation moving away from its original mission, goals, and strategies, a process which is more associated with mergers. When the culture change occurs the organisation has to focus on building the values of the new organisation and th is involves; making the organisation's values meet the society's expectations, making values meet the needs of new shareholders, attracting the best people/employees for the organisation and retaining the best people (Barrett). Value building is even more important when an organisation is undergoing a culture change as it can affect how existing employees feel about the organisation and it will also affect the ability of the organisation to attract the best employees. Research has shown that corporate performance is strongly correlated with employee fulfilment, with 39% of corporate performance variability being attributed to the personal fulfilment of employees (Barrett). Employee fulfilment is also strongly correlated with the leadership skills and emotional intelligence of managers, with 69% of employee fulfilment variability being attributed to qualities of leadership of the manager or supervisor (Barrett). With these figures, organisations need be aware of the mechanisms for value building and culture change which include ensuring employee fulfilment by providing: physical fulfilment (remuneration, canteen, gym), emotional fulfilment (professional growth, work appreciation), mental fulfilment (accountability, creativity and personal growth), spiritual fulfilment (opportunity to be service) (Barrett). During a change management process, the organisation undertakes a variety of processes to make this process effect. The engineering process of value building

Comparisons of war poems Essay Example for Free

Comparisons of war poems Essay In exploring the portrayal of war in the poetry of Wilfred Owen and Shakespeare one can see the contrasting attitudes and realities of war. In before Agincourt set in 1415 composed by Shakespeare, he portrays the glory and honour in war, whilst Anthem for doomed youth composed by Wilford Own set in 1914 is expressing the meaningless and realistic thoughts of view. In the first stanza which Shakespeare has composed in the poem before Agincourt. He uses manipulating concepts that convey the message that war is a great adventure and that you should die for your country. Whilst Anthem for Doomed youth is doing the exact opposite and tries to convince the reader that war is a horrific ordeal. As the two poems where written in an interval of five hundred years it shows us very clearly the different point of few people had in their perspective time about war. Before Agincourt is a very patriotic and heroic poem. In the first stanza Shakespeare uses a courageous tone. He uses emotional adjectives and verbs to make the reader feel the same as he does. He also uses a lot of positive nouns to create this affect e.g. greater share of honour Gods will. There is not much alliteration or any form of onomatopoeia in the first stanza. The second stanza uses a lot of emphasised words and longer pauses before the next line he also uses repetition of words starting with M. In the last stanza of the poem he does not use any assonance, onomatopoeia and alliteration technics to emphasize his poem. He only uses strong punctuation and pauses to create a very positive approach on war. This poem could be used as a propaganda device. Anthem for Doomed Youth composed by Wilford Owen. In the title of this poem Wilford is expressing that war is negative. Doom is a simile to convey inevitability of death, Doom also uses assonance with the double Os. It has an affect of being scary and threatening. The first stanza uses repetition to add rhythm and onomatopoeias to create a more realistic approach on war. The second stanza uses a lot of repetition and emphasised words. e.g. No mockeries, no prayers nor bells. No mockeries is implying no more joy and that they cant be mocked any more because they have perished. The No is also emphasised to give the poem more rhythm. No prayers nor bells. Is repetition, it also has a sad motive. The tone goes up to give the poem more negativity and sadness by elongating some words. The third stanza uses a rhetorical question to start off with. The mood is a lot softer. This is created by the poet using a softer tone to shorten the Ss, Ps and Rs. He uses repetition to try and enhances the readers sadness and visual imagery. There are also a lot of similes and metaphors used. E.g. pallor, paleness, brows, forehead. In the last stanza there is a vast amount of imagery of death. There is an ethical custom to conclude his poem. Drawing down of blind this is what people at home did when a close relative died. Comparing these two poems reveals that Shakespeares before Agincourt uses a lot less alliteration and repetition making the poem more joyful and honourable for war. In conclusion Shakespeare is totally glorifying war while Wilford more realistically looking at war as a horrifying killer concept. Style wise I prefer Shakespeare poem having a nice ring to its rhythm but the content of his poem is out dated and modern man would find it hard to agree with his idealistic point of views. Personally I can understand Wilfords Owens point of view better then Shakespears. War is a horrifying non justifiable matter and should not be promoted.

Existentialism in Albert Camus The Plague and Samuel Becketts Waiting

All of the characters in The Plague and Waiting For Godot exist in their fictional worlds. However, none is able to explain why. Neither work gives the reader an explanation of human existence except to say that humans exist. Providing an answer to the question of existence would constitute a paradox. To an existentialist, if you answer the question, then you've missed the whole point. Existentialism is a philosophy that emphasizes the uniqueness and isolation of the individual experience in a hostile or indifferent universe, regards human existence as unexplainable, and stresses freedom of choice and responsibility for the consequences of one's acts (Bigelow 134). Basically, existentialism addresses man's existence. An existentialist believes that man does not exist under God or as part of a society or race. Man does exist, and that is all. An explanation as to why man exists cannot be found. Finally, an individual exists not as a function of a greater good or evil; thus, the individual is free to live his life (135). Existentialism as a literary movement is most often associated with post World War II France. The images that come to mind are of Frenchmen with uncombed beards, smoky basement cafes, and beatniks conversing with one another on the subject of despair between sips of absinthe. However, many of the most prominent existentialist writers had rigorous and significant experiences in the Resistance during the Nazi occupation of France (Lottman 54). Out of true despair they formed ideas and posed questions of great importance. They sought to understand and explain human existence. They concluded that existence is to be acknowledged, but can never be explained. Two existentialist works are Samuel Beckett's Waiti... ... them to reevaluate their relations to others and to question their own existence. At first, most citizens assume that they will not get the plague, but they soon realize that even they are not immune to it. In this way they question their own humanity and are faced with something bigger than they have ever contemplated. They, like Vladimir and Estragon, are unable to come up with answers. All of the characters in The Plague and Waiting For Godot exist in their fictional worlds. However, none is able to explain why. Neither work gives the reader an explanation of human existence except to say that humans exist. Providing an answer to the question of existence would constitute a paradox. To an existentialist, if you answer the question, then you've missed the whole point. The key is in asking the question. The realization is in accepting that there is no answer

BIO Quiz

Three molecules of carbon dioxide. One atom of carbon and three atoms of oxygen. 8 of In water, hydrogen bonding occurs between the hydrogen and an oxygen atom in the same molecule. An oxygen atom in a different molecule. A hydrogen atom in a different molecule. A hydrogen atom in the same molecule. of Covalent bonds form when one atom ivies up; electrons shares; protons gives up; neutrons shares; electrons its with another 10 of 20 Water is an important solvent of life because it forms covalent bonds. It has cohesive properties. It forms hydrogen bonds. It is ionic. 11 of 20 Carbon is such an important molecule for life because it can form chemical bonds with a maximum of four other atoms. Hydrogen bond to so many other molecules. It can it forms ionic bonds. It can form isomers. 12 of pure water has a pH Of O; neither acidic nor basic 1; acidic 7; neither acidic nor basic 14; basic because it is 13 of 20Hydrolysis could be correctly described as heating a compound to drive off exce ss water and concentrate its volume. Breaking of a long-chain compound into its subunits by adding water to the structure between its subunits. Constant removal of hydrogen atoms from a carbohydrate. None of the above. 14 of 20 Carbohydrate monomers are united into a polymer by means of dehydrogenation. Hydrolysis. Reverse osmosis. Dehydration synthesis. 15 of 20 Polysaccharides are made up of Amino acids. Nucleotides. Sugars. Lipids. 16 of 20 Butter is made of milkman and tends to be hard at room temperature.Which f the following could be used to make the butter softer at room temperature? Create more double bonds in the fatty acid chains Make fatty acid chains with fewer kinks Saturate the fatty acid chains Make the fatty acid chains longer 17 of 20 Proteins are made up of 18 of 20 An organic molecule that may contain the -NH group is a triglyceride. An enzyme.

Why did the groups like the Beatles and the Rolling Stones have such a great impact during the 1960’s

The Beatles changed British Society. These changes were brought about by a band that made it very, very big. Popular music had gone through a revolution in the Late 1950's. People took advantage of the increased spending power of teenagers and bands like the Beatles produced lyrics in songs that people queued to buy. The music did not always change, just the same old brand new songs. The real breakthrough in music came in 1962 with an unlikely combination of individuals. John Lennon, Paul McCartney, George Harrison and Ringo Starr had been performing together for a number of years. There had been various other members of the band, but the group did not get very far. In 1962 the change came about under the guidance of Brian Epstein, who became their manager and then transformed them from a talented, but undistinguishable act, into the most famous pop group in history. Epstein made the Beatles wear suits with non-lapels and cut their hair into pudding basin style. In so doing this he invented the Beatle Jacket and the Beatle hairstyle. The Beatles unlike many British performers at the time, wrote and performed their own music, this meant that they were able to create a unique style, which was a mixture of rhythm and blues, rock and roll and Tamala Motown. It was this that marked the Beatles out from so many of the performers that came before them. The last key individual was George Martin, who arranged and recorded the Beatles tracks. He produced the quality that ensured that they became instantly and overwhelming successful. More than anybody else the Beatles came to represent the Sixties. As Aaron Copland, the American composer of classical music remarked, â€Å"If you want to know about the sixties, play the music of the Beatles†. The important point being made there was that the Beatles did write music with real lyrics that caught the imagination of teenagers around the world, both reflecting and shaping the culture of the decade. They were all just normal lads who were brought up in the streets of Liverpool. John Lennon was brought up in an upper working class family. John was born in Oxford Street Maternity on October 9th 1940. His Auntie brought him up, as his father had disappeared. Four month's earlier Richard Starkey was born at 9 Madryn Street, Dingle in Liverpool. Richard was brought up in a lower working class. Early on in his life his mum and dad split up. Nearly a year later Paul McCartney is born in Walton Hospital, Rice Lane in Liverpool on the 18th June and he was brought up in a solid working class family. Paul then starts at Stockton Wood Primary. The baby of the group was finally born on the 24th February 1943 at 12 Arnold Grove, Wavertree in Liverpool. George Harrison starts at Liverpool institute. John Lennon was the smartest member of the group as a kid and could do anything he chose. All the band members were influenced as children, as each member were bought instruments; this meant homegrown talent was going to put Liverpool on the map. The influence of the Beatles went far beyond the music that they wrote and performed. Their clothes, hair, their accents, their offhand attitudes seemed to sum up the new age of the sixties. They seemed at first at least, just like the chap next door. Suddenly it became completely respectable to have an accent that did not come from the home county. For the first time ever, it came was fashionable to sound as if you came from Liverpool, or Newcastle or even Birmingham. The revolution became even more remarkable, after the Beatles came the ‘Mersey Sound', ‘Freddie and the Dreamers', ‘The Mersey Beats' and; ‘Gerry and the Pacemakers'. Brian Epstein successfully managed all of these bands. Then from Manchester there were the ‘Searchers' and the ‘Animals' from Newcastle. They all had number one hits with some easy going songs and some sung with real feeling. The impact of the Beatles upon teenagers was unbelievable. They were not just performers they became heroes. Soon the press followed on to this enormous fuss over the Beatles and made the phrase that the fans were involved in Beatlemania. They represented the victory of youth over old age, of new against old. They were the sixties. A few girls went to the Beatles concert in Cheltenham and they got us screaming. I don't remember much about the concert, just the noise Teenagers were influenced by lyrics, which started to change their way of thinking and the message changed. Every young person in the country wanted to be the Beatles, they were idolised were ever they went. Manufacturers soon realised the potential of the teenage market. The Beatles faces were plastered all over magazines. If the Beatles encouraged drugs, kids would follow, the Beatles lyrics were very powerful. For example the song lyrics in the song ‘Lucy In The Sky With Diamonds' openly suggested the use of LSD. The mischievous four of the sixties became the dope-smoking lads of 1965, and then the four took LSD in 1966-67 then even worse they took heroin in 1969. The Beatles themselves started to change dramatically. The clean-cut, cheerful boys of 1963 followed the weird and wonderful Maharishi, an Indian guru. They began to dress in psychedelic clothing, take drugs and adopt a more and more outlandish pose. The Beatles then really challenged family values. Innocent songs describing teenage love were replaced by peace anthems such as ‘All I Need Is Love' or drug influenced tracks like ‘Lucy In The Sky With Diamonds'. Worse still, in the eyes of some people, were the groups that followed them. The Rolling Stones started out as Beatles look-alikes, but soon developed a completely different style. Their lyrics were far more suggestive and the behaviour of the five grabbed a great deal of attention. Jagger and Richards were arrested for the possession of Marijuana- a response from the establishment that led even the times to describe it as ‘a butterfly being crushed under a wheel' Wider social changes were taking place. TV and Radio began broadcasting non-stop music. These were extremely popular with teenagers. Radio Caroline and Radio London had enormous following, as other radio stations didn't play much music. They set the scene for the radio stations that were to come. They were designed to appeal directly to young people. Television reacted more quickly to the changing styles of music. This was largely because it was a newer form of broadcasting and so was more ready to change. ITV began to broadcast ‘Ready Steady Go' and the BBC started ‘Top Of The Pops'. Both were overnight success stories and these accounts finally showed popular music. If some aspects of the sixties appeared to challenge society and existing ideas, the hippie movement seemed to reject it altogether. Some people took the movement very seriously. Others tried to balance the hippie movement with other commitments, but most simply rejected it altogether. To many people the most worrying aspect of the hippie movement was the way that its followers seemed to abandon responsibility. The emphasis on ‘Love and Peace', while harmless enough in many ways, came at the time when the west was being challenged by the Soviet Union. Not only did hippies appear to reject all forms of confrontation, but their behaviour suggested a weakening of society and the family in particular. In conclusion the impact of music in Britain changed the way we live today. The sixties took spending to a new level. Consumer goods became increasingly popular; this was mainly influenced by bands like the Beatles, who had their snapshot all over clothes to magazines. Lyrics had changed dramatically, and also the message had changed. Bands such as the Beatles promoted world peace. The Beatles helped boom Britain and this helped Britain to become a major force in pop music. I think the Beatles ended a new paragraph in British pop music.

Free Essays on Romeo & Juliet - Names

When you are born, the first thing that you get without your choice is a family. Then this family names you... You don’t know that your future will depend on just those letters that your family gives to you... Your family decides how kind of a person they want you to be and gives you the name ‘Romeo’ for you to be a romantic boy and ‘Juliet’ to be a beautiful girl. According to Elizabethan time beliefs, this couple mustn’t have come together because they were star-crossed lovers. In Shakespeare’s Romeo in contemporary times, the names can be the source of stereo typing. There is a feud between Capulets and Montagues. Even though Shakespeare didn’t tell us how the feud began, by looking at their situation we can guess that the first spark must have been an economical fight. Then this fight must have been spread out in every part of their lives. The workers and kinsman of Lady and Lord Capulet fights with the kinsman and workers of Lady and Lord Montegue. They fight a lot of times during the play, but they never had a reasonable reason for these fights. They fight because of names; names which are just abstract. In contemporary times, names are not a reason for fighting because there is no such feuds. There are some people who fight with others because they just didn’t like the way they look. A typical example is, the racist people fighting with black people. In the last scene of act one, Juliet and Romeo fell in love with each other, but they can’t be together because of their names. Their names are the symbol of a feud, which doesn’t want any piece of love in it. During the balcony scene, Juliet says â€Å"O Romeo, Romeo! Wherefore art thou Romeo? Deny thy father and refuse thy name: Or if thou wilt not, be but sworn my love and I’ll no longer be a Capulet. ‘T is but thy name that is my enemy... Free Essays on Romeo & Juliet - Names Free Essays on Romeo & Juliet - Names When you are born, the first thing that you get without your choice is a family. Then this family names you... You don’t know that your future will depend on just those letters that your family gives to you... Your family decides how kind of a person they want you to be and gives you the name ‘Romeo’ for you to be a romantic boy and ‘Juliet’ to be a beautiful girl. According to Elizabethan time beliefs, this couple mustn’t have come together because they were star-crossed lovers. In Shakespeare’s Romeo in contemporary times, the names can be the source of stereo typing. There is a feud between Capulets and Montagues. Even though Shakespeare didn’t tell us how the feud began, by looking at their situation we can guess that the first spark must have been an economical fight. Then this fight must have been spread out in every part of their lives. The workers and kinsman of Lady and Lord Capulet fights with the kinsman and workers of Lady and Lord Montegue. They fight a lot of times during the play, but they never had a reasonable reason for these fights. They fight because of names; names which are just abstract. In contemporary times, names are not a reason for fighting because there is no such feuds. There are some people who fight with others because they just didn’t like the way they look. A typical example is, the racist people fighting with black people. In the last scene of act one, Juliet and Romeo fell in love with each other, but they can’t be together because of their names. Their names are the symbol of a feud, which doesn’t want any piece of love in it. During the balcony scene, Juliet says â€Å"O Romeo, Romeo! Wherefore art thou Romeo? Deny thy father and refuse thy name: Or if thou wilt not, be but sworn my love and I’ll no longer be a Capulet. ‘T is but thy name that is my enemy...

Review of the Miracle Ball Method

Review of the Miracle Ball Method The Miracle Ball Method is a method of stretching and realigning your spine using a couple of softly inflated, four inch vinyl balls. By laying down on these balls and adjusting their positions you can alleviate stress, improve your alignment, and stretch hard to stretch areas. Why is it Different? By following the method you can aid your bodys healing and recovery through stretching and realignment without the need of a physical therapist or chiropractor. But unlike most of the self-realignment aids on the market, the balls allow you the flexibility to work your entire body from your neck to your feet. Additionally the balls are safe and foolproof. They do not require any difficult postures or erratic movements. You simply lay on them and breath. Does it Deliver? Yes and no. The method is more of a suggestive anecdote. It seems more like it is there to justify spending $15 for a couple of vinyl balls. But on the other hand Im glad I spent $15 for a couple of vinyl balls. The method is not as scientifically rigorous as your might think it should be. But in reality most people would not get that much benefit from it if it was. The book does a good job of communicating the key point, that the location of your pain may not be the location of the problem. In other words your feet might hurt because your hips are out of place. The book also gives you a couple of good ideas of where to start searching for the problem areas. Once youve flipped through the book you can get started with the balls. For the most part you simply place one or two of the balls under you and lay down on them. Then you take some deep breaths until your muscles stretch. Finding the perfect spot might take some time but it will let you get more familiar with your personal body mechanics and that will reap benefits through out the rest of your life. The balls themselves are great. You can not bust them even when stepping on them. And they are the optimal size for safely stretching and realigning your spine and pelvis. Beneficiaries Quite simply everyone can benefit from a set of these Miracle Balls. Daily stretching helps everyone and the Miracle Balls allow you to stretch areas that most people can not stretch on their own. Some groups that will benefit from these tools are: Back Pain SufferersAthletesSlouchersCouch PotatoesJugglers Summary Get a set of these Miracle Balls. That is all there is to it. Stretching on these balls is meditative and therapeutic. They are compact and adaptable for almost any body part. Additionally you will get more in tune with your body and gain a better understanding of your body mechanics by using them. The book, which contains the method, can pretty much be ignored. The balls, though, are worth it. With the Miracle Balls I can quickly release the tension between my shoulder blades (which previously required a trip to the chiropractor), stretch my lower back and unlock my pelvis (which also required a trip to the chiropractor). Not to mention it relaxes me to the point that I could fall asleep right on the floor.

UMUC Haircuts Stage 4 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

UMUC Haircuts Stage 4 - Assignment Example se such as legal services, healthcare, or financial services can benefit of the BPO market by selling their intellectual property (IP) through the development of PaaS applications. Cloud based BPM gives clients the opportunity to trying and testing of BPM applications in the cloud. As a consequence, the deployment of business process solutions is de-risked especially for enterprise that still in the development phase of their business process solutions. MVC framework is a prime example of this service. Moreover, SaaS offers additional resources such as virtual machines, storage capacity, security and end-to-end logical network model. In the SoA model, the design would consist of one physical entity running many logical layers. Organization must be ready to embrace this challenge because it allows IT to push new applications without managing them. However, this is just from the application standpoint. In the implementation stage, it is clear to deploy solutions and to ensure that all facets of deployment are smooth. Often in this stage, black box testing is conducted prior. Duipmans, E. F., Pires, L. F., &da Silva Santos, L. O. B. (2012) Towards a BPM cloud architecture with data and activity distribution. In Enterprise Distributed Object Computing Conference Workshops (EDOCW), 2012 IEEE 16th International (pp.